Involuntary resettlement presents significant social, cultural, economic and impoverishment risks for both resettled and host communities. In recent years, various global efforts have been made to improve the implementation of development-induced resettlement projects. This has included promulgation of global standards by international organisations such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the International Finance Corporation. However, the available evidence indicates that practice often falls well short of these standards, especially in developing nations. In the Asian regional context, as the growth in global demand for minerals continues, mine- induced resettlement has become more prevalent. This will pose significant challenges for developing nations including ASEAN members, given that these governments are often not equipped to deal with the complexities associated with resettlement. This paper compares governance of mine-induced resettlement with global standards by exploring the experience of a large-scale mining project in Vietnam. Research findings reveal significant process and knowledge gaps between the various private and public sector actors. These gaps reinforce the importance of building capacity among actor groups as well as defining roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in contemporary Vietnam. Drawing on this study, the paper proposes specific recommendations that can be applied in Vietnam and other ASEAN countries to improve outcomes for communities impacted on by resettlement projects.